第三十章

陈牧：寡人愿闻，君子何以立身？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，恭、敬、忠、信可以立身。恭则免于众，敬则人爱之，忠则人与之，信则人恃之。人所爱、人所与、人所恃，必免于患矣，可以临国家，何况于身乎！陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatisthewayagentlemanbehaves？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Theyarehumility，respect，loyaltyandcredit，Thatarethewaygentlemenbehave，Aslongasyouarehumble，thenyouwillbeprotectedfromattack，Aslongasyourespectothers，thentheyarewillingtoloveyou，Aslongasyouareloyal，thenpeoplewillappointyou，Aslongasyouhavecredit，thenpeoplewilltrustyou，Onlythenwillyoubeabletoavoiddisaster，Hecangovernthecountry，letalonecultivatehimself。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：荀顗杀吾侍卫，寡人甚怒，吾欲责之，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，赵虎尝入西城，侵扰坊中士民，其为禁尉，胁迫民女，荀顗大臣，目所亲见，命左右斩之，于法无亏，不亦可乎？陈牧：先生骨鲠，寡人无以对之。chenmu：XunYikilledmyattendants，Iwasfuriousaboutthat，Iwanttopunishhim，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，WhenZhaoHuwenttoXicheng，heharassedthepeople，Heactsasyourguard，butheassaultsinnocentgirls，XunYifoundoutaboutthis，So，heaskedhissubordinatestokilltheguard，However，hedealtwiththematterinaccordancewiththelaw，Thereisnothingwrongwithit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：今契丹寇辽东，寡人思得良将以御之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，国之存亡在兵，兵之胜败在将。今议者举将，多推宿旧。夫韩信之举，非旧德也。盖明主之举，举无常人，才之所堪，则授以大事。今强寇在境，诸将不进，人情危惧。主簿裴矩，兼资文武，可用以御敌。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Today，theKhitanharassesLiaodong，IwantaqualifiedgeneraltodefendagainsttheKhitan，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Thekeytotheexistenceofthestateisthearmy，Thekeytothevictoryofthearmyisthegeneral，Nowadays，thegeneralsrecommendedbytheministersareallsenior，ButthefamousHanXinisnotanoldqualifiedgeneral，Wisekingsdonotselecttalentsbasedsolelyonseniority，Aslongassomeonehastalent，theholykingwillappointhim，Today，theenemyontheborderisstrong，Manygeneralsdidnotdaretofight，Asaresult，moraleisnothigh，Secretary-GeneralPeiJuisstrategicandcourageous，Hewilldefinitelybeuptothetask。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：大臣欲使辽东分为两军，异道俱进，以分契丹之势，寡人当如何处之？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，今裴矩悬军深入万里之外，胜则大功可立，不胜则噍类无遗，当合势齐力，以取一战之捷。若分两军，则众心不一，万一偏败，大事去矣。不如全军而进，弃去釜甑，赍三日粮，以示无还心，胜可必也，愿大王察之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：TheministerswantedtodividethearmyintotwopartsandattacktheKhitantogether，ThepurposewastodispersethepoweroftheKhitan，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Today，PeiJuleadsthearmytofightaloneonenemyterritory，Ifhewins，thentheKhitanwillretreat，Ifhefails，thenthewholearmywillbedestroyed，Therefore，weshouldconcentrateourforcesonadecisivebattlewiththeKhitan，Ifthearmyisdividedintotwoparts，Thenthemilitarysoulisinconsistent，Ifonceacertainpartofthearmyisdefeated，Thentheotherpartwillalsofail，Therefore，weneedtoconcentrateourefforts，Andbringfoodforafewdays，Atthesametime，cutoffourownbackpathtoshowdetermination，OnlyinthiswaycanwedefeattheKhitan，Ihopeyouwilladoptit。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，凡司其身，必慎五本，则凶不至，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，一曰，柔以仁，二曰，诚以信，三曰，贵勿骄，四曰，恭以敬，五曰。宽以静。思此五者，则凶不至，而祸不来。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Ifonecandofivepoints，Thenthedangerwillnotcome，Sirtaughtmewhatitis？xiaofan：Ithink，Thefirstpointisbenevolenceandrighteousness，Thesecondpointishonestyandcredit，Thethirdpointistobehumble，Thefourthpointisrespectforothers，Thefifthpointistoleranceandcomposure，Onlybydoingthis，thenthedangerwillbefarawayfromyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，圣人何以设礼乐？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，六经之道同归，而礼乐之用为急。治身者斯须忘礼，则暴嫚入之矣；为国者一朝失礼，则荒乱及之矣。人函天、地、阴、阳之气，有喜、怒、哀、乐之情。天禀其性而不能节也，圣人能为之节而不能绝也，故象天、地而制礼、乐，所以通神明，立人伦，正情性，节万事者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，WhytheHolyKingmadetheliturgyandmusic？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Theoriginsofthevariousteachingsareinterconnected，However，etiquetteandmusicarethemosturgentmatters，Ifyouforgettherulesofetiquette，Thenyouwillbecomearrogantandconceited，Ifthestatelosesetiquette，Thenitwillfallintochaos，Maniscomposedoftheelementsofheavenandearth，Therefore，peoplehavemultipleemotions，Godhasgivenmanthischaracteristic，ButGoddidnotregulatemankind，TheHolyKingsettherules，Butitdoesnotstophumandesire，Therefore，theHolyKinginstitutedritualsandmusicaccordingtotherulesofheavenandearth，Thishasgivenhumansacodeofconductandasenseofdecency，Becauseofthis，ittouchesheavenandearthandmankind。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲知，礼乐之功用，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，礼节民心，乐和民声，乐以治内而为同，礼以修外而为异；同则和亲，异则畏敬；和亲则无怨，畏敬则不争。二者并行，合为一体，揖让而天下治者，礼、乐之谓也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatistheroleofetiquetteandmusic？Sirtaughtmethetruth。xiaofan：Ithink，Etiquettecanpacifythepeople，Musictouchespeople，Theroleofmusicisintrinsic，Theroleofetiquetteisexternal，Musicbringspeoplecloser，Etiquetteallowspeopletohaveahierarchicalorder，Whenpeopleareclose，thentheywillnotcomplain，Withahierarchicalorder，thentherewillbenostrife，Etiquetteandmusiccannotbeseparated，Onlywhentheyarevaluedatthesametimewillsocietybestable，Thatisit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲，拨乱反正，以成文治，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，王者必因前王之礼，顺时施宜，有所损益，即民之心，稍稍制作，至太平而大备。周监于二代，礼文尤具，事为之制，曲为之防，故称礼经三百，威仪三千。于是教化浃洽，民用和睦，灾害不生，祸乱不作。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iwanttocorrectthemistakesofthepreviouspolicy，Thegoalistomakesocietymoreharmonious，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Etiquettenormsneedtoevolvewiththetimes，Therefore，thekingshouldadjustittoconformtothewillofthepeople，Overtime，itwillgraduallyimprove，TheZhouDynastyformulatedetiquettenormsaccordingtotheactualsituation，Asaresult，societybecomesharmoniousanddisastersarefaraway。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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