第三十二章

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陈牧：寡人闻，以欲从人者昌，以人乐己者亡，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，崇饰宫宇，赏池台，帝王之所欲，百姓之所不欲。帝王所欲者放逸，百姓所不欲者劳弊。夫子云，有一言可以终身行之者，其恕乎！已所不欲，勿施于人。劳弊之事，诚不可施于百姓。为帝王者，富有四海，每事由己，诚能自节，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iheard，Ifyoucanservetheinterestsofthemajority，Thenthecountrywillprosper，Ifyouonlysatisfyyourowninterests，Thenthecountrywillgotoextinction，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Thepalaceandthelandscapewerethedesiresoftheking，Butitisnotintheinterestsofthepeople，Kingslikeextravaganceandwaste，Thepeopledonotlikeoverwork，Thiscreatesacontradiction，Thecredooflifeismutualunderstanding，Ifyoudon'twanttodosomething，Thenyoushouldn'taskotherstodothat，Youshouldnotexcessivelyforcepeopletolabor，Asaking，youownthewholeworld，Youshouldunderstandandbeconsiderateofthepeople，Ifyoucancontrolyourbehavior，Thenthewholeworldwillbeluckybecauseofyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今国人多谤寡人之策，吾欲罚之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，防民之口，甚于防水；水壅而溃，伤人必多。民亦如之，是故为水者，决之使导；为民者，宣之使言。故民之有口，犹土之有山川也，财用于是乎出；犹其有原隰衍沃也，衣食于是乎生。口之宣言也，善败于是乎兴。夫民虑之心，而宣之口，成而行之。若壅其口，其与能几何？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Nowadays，peopleslandermypolicies，SoIwanttopunishthem，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis，Itisnotwisethatyoudonotallowpeopletotalkaboutit，It'slikeblockingaflood，Oncetheleveebreaks，itwillcausehugelosses，Therefore，floodwatersshouldbechanneledratherthanblocked，Similarly，youshouldallowpeopletotalkinsteadofbeingsilenced，Speakingisanecessaryeventinlife，Intheprocess，thereistradingandproduction，Thesuccessorfailureofthingsisdirectlyrelatedtospeaking，Peoplespeakoutabouttheirworries，Iftheyareright，thenyougoandsolvetheproblem，Ifyouaregoingtoforbidthemtospeak，Itisnotawisethingtodo。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人愿闻，始皇末年，何以渐失天下？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，西周以后，王道陵夷，至于战国，韩任申子，秦用商秧，皆用酷法，虽是富国，却也穷民，秦始皇时，秉累世之资，遂兼吞战国，至于末年，毁先王之法，灭礼义之典，专任刑罚，罗网天下，躬操文墨，昼以断狱，夜以理书，自程决事，日悬一石，奸邪并生，赭衣塞路，囹圄成市，天下愁怨，溃而叛之，虽是炀帝无以过之，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，InthelastyearsofQinShiHuang，Hegraduallylosttheworld，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，SincetheZhouDynasty，ThedoctrineoftheHolyKinggraduallydeclined，BytheWarringStatesperiod，BothKoreaandtheQinstateusedharshlaws，Thecountrybecamestrong，butthepeoplebecamepoor，QinShiHuangunifiedthesixkingdomswiththeaccumulationofancestors，Bythelatestages，HeabandonedthedoctrineoftheHolyKingandConfucianisM，Heattachedimportancetotheruleoflaw，Buthislawsweretooharshforpeopletobear，So，peopleallovertheworldarecomplainingabouthispolicies，Intheend，thepeoplebetrayedhim，EmperorSuiwasnomatchforhim，Ihopeyoulearnfromthis。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，汉高祖何以得天下？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，汉高祖初入关中，约法三章，杀人者死，伤人及盗，因情抵罪，捐削烦苛，兆民大悦，继之以后，四夷未附，兵革未息，三章之法，不足御奸，于是相国萧何，捃摭秦法，取其宜于时者，作律九章，曹参为相，镇以无为，从民之欲而不扰乱，是以刑罚用稀，而天下大安。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，HowtheHanEmperorwontheworld，Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，WhentheHanEmperorfirstenteredGuanzhong，Hedevelopedthreestatutes，Intentionalhomicideispunishablebydeath，Injuriesandtheftarecriminalizeddependingonthecircumstances，healsorepealedharshlaws，Sothepeoplewereverysupportiveofhim，Butlater，thislawwasnolongeradaptedtothetimes，Therefore，XiaoHerevisedthelawsoftheQinDynastyaccordingtotheactualsituation，AfterCaoShenbecameprimeminister，Hecontinuedtopushforthenewlaw，Buthedoesnotinterferewiththelivesofthepeople，Therefore，criminalcasesarerare，Theworldhassettleddownasaresult。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：刘裕西征长安何其雄也，后使诸将辅幼子镇关中，然不出三月而败归，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，顾命大臣，所以辅导嗣子，为之羽翼也。为之羽翼而教使剪之，能无毙乎！知其不忠。则勿任而已矣。任以大柄，又从而猜之，鲜有不召乱者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Previously，LiuYuwentonanexpeditiontoChang'an，That'samajesticthing，Later，heaskedthegeneralstoassisthissoninguardingChang'an，Withinthreemonths，Chang'anwasoccupied，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Yousetupanadvisoryministerinordertoassisttheprince，Theadvisoryministeristhewingsoftheprince，However，LiuYuinstructedthecrownprincetobewareoftheadviserminister，ItwasexpectedthatChang'anwasoccupied，Iftheadvisoryministerisnotdisloyal，ThenLiuYushouldnotappointhim，LiuYuappointedhimbutdidnottrusthim，ItiscertainthatChang'anfellintochaos。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：近来，大臣奏闻，武陵公大修器仗，将谋非常，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，武陵公之志，尽于驰骋数猪而己耳，非有雄才韬略，深愿大王，待之以静，安异同之论，勿复以为言，则谣言自止。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Recently，itwassaidthatDukeWulingwashoardingweapons，Thereisariskthathewillbetray，Iamveryconcernedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Idon'tthinkDukeWulinghasgreatambitions，Hishobbyishunting，Hedidnothavegreattalentandintelligence，Ihopeyoudealwiththiscalmly，Youdon'tpaytoomuchattentiontothesedifferentstatements，Afterawhile，therumorswilldisappear。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：近来大风，发屋拔木，百姓惊扰，寡人甚忧之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，天降灾异，盖政有不善也，大王当爱民敬天，缓刑崇德以应之，乃可弭也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Recently，therehasbeenstrongwinds，Itdestroyedhousesandtrees，Iamveryconcernedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Thisextremeweatherisawarningfromheaven，Probably，itwasyourpolicythatwentwrong，Youshouldloveyourpeopleandfearheaven，Youshouldmitigatethepunishmentandshowyourkindness，Onlyinthiswaycanyourmistakesbecorrected。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。