第三十三章

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陈牧：田将军兵围潼梓，月余而无功，诸将请急攻之，寡人当如何处置，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，用兵之势，有宜缓者，有宜急者，不可不察。若彼我势敌，外有强援，恐有腹背之患，则攻之不可不急。若我强彼弱，无援于外，力足制之者，当羁縻守之，以待其毙。兵法十围五攻正谓此也。若我尽锐攻之，计数旬可拔，然杀吾士卒必多矣。要在取之，不必求功之速也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：GeneralTianZhenghadbeenbesiegingTongziforamonth，Butithasnotyetbeenoccupied，Theothergeneralswantedtolaunchageneralattack，HowdoIhandlethis？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Militarypolicyhasbothfastandslowtactics，Thesolutionneedstobeselectedaccordingtotheactualsituation，Ifweareaboutthesamestrengthastheenemy，Andtheyhavereinforcements，Thenwewillhavetolaunchageneraloffensivesoasnottobesurrounded，Ifwearestrongerthantheenemy，Moreover，theylackrescueforces，Thenweshouldbesiegeanddeterthem，Thisistheessenceoftheartofwar，Ifwelaunchageneraloffensive，Inamonthortwo，wecanalsowin，Thenourcasualtiesmustbelarge，Ifyouwanttowinthewar，Itisnotnecessaryforyoutoresorttofasttactics。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：待平蜀之后，寡人当如何处置？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，大王宜改蜀王之所为，因其地用其人，免左丞程卓官，以右丞王绪代之，举异才，修废职，课农桑，恤困穷，礼百神，立学校，旌节义，继绝世，则蜀民大悦矣，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：IfIcapturetheStateofShu，HowshouldIhandletherelevantgovernmentaffairs？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，YoushouldcorrectthepolicyoftheKingofShu，Andyouhavetoappointlocaltalentasofficials，Atthesametime，youshouldremoveChengZhuoandappointWangXu，Youhavetoselectexcellenttalentstohandlespecificgovernmentaffairs，However，youneedtoencourageagriculturalproductionandrescuerefugees，Moreover，youwillalsosacrificetothegods，Buildschools，Rewardloyalpeople，Andappeasetheorphans，ThenthepeopleoftheShuKingdomwillbetouchedbyyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人为政，常思戒惧，是以天下太平，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，人道恶盈而好谦，凡为天子，若惟自尊崇，不守谦恭者，在身倘有不是之事，谁肯犯颜谏奏？愿大王每思出一言，行一事，必上畏皇天，下惧臣民。以此思之，但知常谦常惧，以称天心及百姓之意也。守此常谦常惧之道，日慎一日，则宗社永固，无倾覆矣，如此，则天下幸甚。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：WhenIdealwithgovernmentaffairs，Ioftentellmyselftobeinawe，Asaresult，theworldgraduallysettleddown，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Asaperson，youneedtobehumbleandnotcomplacent，Asaking，ifyouareproudandconceited，Whenyoumakemistakes，Thennoonewillcorrectyou，Therefore，whenyoutalkanddothings，IhopeyouwillbeinaweofGodandthepeople，OnlybyremaininghumblecanyougainthesupportofGodandthepeople，Onlyifyoupersevere，thenthecountrywillbestableandharmonious，Theworldwillalsobeluckybecauseofyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，大禹劳民而民不怨，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，民无食，则不能使也；功成而不利于民，则不能劝也。故疏河而道之，凿江通于九派，洒五湖而定东海，民亦劳矣。然而不怨苦者，利归于民也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，KingYuoverworkedpeople，However，peopledonotcomplainabouthim，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifpeopledon'thaveenoughtoeat，thentheywon'tworkforyou，Ifyourbusinessdoesn'tbenefitpeople，Thenyoucan'tpersuadethem，Therefore，KingYubuiltwaterconservancyprojectstodredgetheriver，Duringwork，peoplearetiredandhard，Butpeopledon'tcomplainabouthim，Becausetheyarethebeneficiariesofthework。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：决狱不当，则民受其辜，寡人欲使廷狱平正，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，法令者，所以抑暴扶弱者也，今律、令烦多而不约，自典文者不能分明，而欲罗元元之不逮，斯岂刑中之意哉！其议律、令可蠲除轻减者，条奏，唯在便安万姓而矣，圣王置谏争之臣者，非以崇德，防逸豫之生也，立法明刑者，非以为治，救衰乱之起也。今大王躬垂明听，虽不置廷平，狱将自正，若开后嗣，不若删定律令。律令一定，则人知所避，奸吏无所弄矣。今不正其本，而置廷平以理其末也，政衰听怠，则廷平将招权而为乱首耳。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Ifthecaseisnotheardfairly，Theninnocentpeoplewillbeharmed，IhopethattheCourtwillbefairandimpartial，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Lawsweremadetoprotecttheweakfromharm，Today，lawsanddecreesaresocumbersomethatthejudgecannottell，However，youwanttomakethelawmoreonerous，Thatiscontrarytotheoriginalpurposeofthelaw，Thelawisenoughtoappeasepeople，Thereisnoneedtomakeittoocumbersome，TheHolyKingappointsministerswhoadvisehim，Thatwastocorrecthismistakes，nottopraise，Thelawistheminimumstandardforgoverningthecountry，Ifyoucanhandlegovernmentaffairsdiligently，thenthelawwillnaturallybefairandjust，Forfuturegenerations，youshouldmakethelawsimpleandeasy，Onlyinthiswaycantheweakbeprotectedfromharm，Nowadays，youonlyvaluethelawratherthangovernmentaffairs，Itisputtingthecartbeforethehorse，Thiswillthrowthecountryintochaos。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲使，政平国治，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，大王当命牧伯守宰各举孝悌、廉直、文学、政事，察其所举，得人者赏之，非其人者罪之。如是则人莫敢妄举，而请托不行，士皆自励；虽宗室外戚，无才能者，皆弃不用，以为天下劝，如是则国家不治未之有也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iwanttogovernthecountrywell，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Youshouldorderlocalofficialstorecommendtalent，whoarefilialtotheirparents，Peopleofintegrity，Honestandlearned，pragmaticpeople，Ifthepersontheyrecommendisqualified，thenyourewardthem，Otherwise，youpunishthem，Inthisway，theywillbecautiousaboutrecommendingratherthanself-interest，Ifyourrelativesareincompetent，youalsoremovethem，Onlyinthiswaywilleveryoneintheworldbeself-motivated，Thecountrywillalsobewellgoverned。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，以能问于不能，以多问于寡，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，圣人设教，欲人谦光。己虽有能，不自矜大，仍就不能之人求访能事。非惟匹庶，帝王之德，亦当如此。夫帝王内蕴神明，外须玄默，若其位居尊极，炫耀聪明，以才陵人，饰非拒谏，则上下情隔，君臣道乖。自古灭亡，莫不由此也。《易》云，劳谦，君子有终，吉。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Iheard，EvenifIknowtheanswer，Ishouldalsoaskothersforadvice，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，TheHolyKinginstructedpeopletobehumble，Evenifyouhavetalent，Youshouldalsoaskothersforadvice，notconceit，Notonlyordinarypeople，kingshavetodothesame，Thekinghasanopinioninhisheart，Buthealsohadtoremaincalmandsilent，becauseofhishighstatus，heisproudandconceited，andlooksdownonothers，Atthesametime，herefusedtolistentotheadviceofothers，Thenthecommunicationchannelswillbeclosed，Therewillbeconflictsbetweenkingsandministers，Manycountriesperishedbecauseofthis，Therefore，onlybymaintaininghumilitycanthecountrybestableandharmonious。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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