第三十七章

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陈牧：寡人读史，见商臣多奔于周，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，商王悖逆，沈于酒德，辟远箕子，爰近姑与息，妲己为政，赏罚无方，不用法式，杀三不辜，民大不服，守法之臣，是以出奔周国，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：WhenIreadhistory，IfoundthattheministersoftheShangDynastyallsubmittedtotheZhouDynasty，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，TheShangKingwasbrutalanddrunk，Healienatedthegentleman，Andheusedtobeclosetovillains，Hishareminterferedinpolitics，Intermsofrewardsandpunishments，hedoesnotfollowtherulesandregulations，butaccordingtohisownwishes，Hekilledthevirtuous，So，peoplenolongersupporthim，Becauseofthis，theministersallsubmittedtotheZhouDynasty，Ihopeyoulearnfromit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人读史，观苻坚，圣主也，何以亡也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，夫有功不赏，有罪不诛，虽尧、舜不能为治，况他人乎！秦王坚每得反者辄宥之，使其臣狃于为逆，行险徼幸，虽力屈被擒，犹不忧死，乱何自而息哉！《书》曰，威克厥爱，允济；爱克厥威，允罔功。《诗》云，毋纵诡随，以谨罔极；式遏寇虐，无俾作慝，今坚违之，能无亡乎？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：WhenIreadhistory，IfoundFuJiantobeagoodking，However，hiscountrywenttoextinction，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifyoudonotrewardthosewhohavemerit，youdonotpunishthosewhoareguilty，EvenifyouareaswiseasYaoShun，Thecountrywillalsonotbeabletobewellgoverned，FuJianoftenforgavebetrayers，Thatledtheministerstodaretobetrayhim，Becauseeveniftheywerecaptured，FuJianwillalsoforgivethem，Therefore，itiscertainthatthecountryisthrownintochaos，Ifyouhaveclearrewardsandpunishments，Thenthecountrywillbestable，Otherwise，thecountrywillbeinturmoil，FuJiandidtheopposite，Itiscertainthathiscountryperished。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今契丹衰弱，寡人欲再伐西域，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，西域荒远，得其民不可使，得其地不可食，汉武征之，得不补失。今劳师万里之外，以踵汉氏之过举，臣窃惜之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，thestrengthoftheKhitanhasweakened，IwanttotaketheopportunitytoattacktheWesternRegions，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，TheWesternRegionsarefarawayanddesolate，EvenifyouoccupytheWesternRegions，Thelocalpeoplewillnotsupportyou，Andtheirlandyieldsarelow，Previously，EmperorWudiofHanhaddonethesamething，Theresultswerenotideal，Ifyouwillmakethesamemistakeashim，Iwouldregretthat。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：今四方略定，唯东南一隅，未沾王化，寡人欲自将讨之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，昔纣为无道，三仁在朝，武王犹为之旋师。今楚虽微弱，未有大恶。周胤、沈阳皆江表明将，楚王贤能，君臣辑睦，内外同心。以臣观之，未可图也。愿大王且案兵积谷，以待其衅。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教矣。chenmu：Today，Ihavepacifiedmostoftheworld，Onlythesoutheasthasnotyetreturnedtome，Iwilldirectthearmytoattackit，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Inthepast，KingShangwasverycruel，Buttherewerestillsagesintheimperialcourt，Becauseofthis，KingZhougaveupattackingtheShangDynasty，AlthoughtheStateofChuisweak，Therearenointernalconflicts，ZhouYinandShenyangarefamouscontemporarygenerals，KingChuiswiseandtalented，Theyareunitedinternally，Inmyopinion，thetimingisnotideal，Iwantyoutobeabletotrainthearmyandpreparethelogistics，Then，youwaitforcontradictionstoarisewithinthem。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今有人奏言，不当专任尚书，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，大王以至公理天下，今任裴玄、卢坦，非为勋旧，以其有才行也。有人妄事毁谤，止欲离间大王君臣尔。昔蜀后主昏弱，齐文宣狂悖，然国称治者，以任诸葛亮、杨遵彦不猜之故也。大王今任裴玄等，亦复如法。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Nowadays，somepeopleadvisemenottorelytoomuchontheprimeminister，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Youinsistonfairnessandjusticeingoverningtheworld，YouappointedPeiXuanandLuTanasprimeministersbecauseoftheirtalents，notconnections，Nowadays，therearepeoplewhoslanderthem，Theaimistodivideyourrelationshipwiththeministers，Previously，thekingofShuwasfaint，Butthecountryiswellgoverned，BecauseheappointedZhugeLiangandtrustedhim，Youshouldemulatehim。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今天时已至，寡人欲伐楚，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，今伐楚有三难：天道不顺，一也；楚国无衅，二也；我数战兵疲，民有畏敌之心，三也。群臣言楚不可伐者，皆直臣也，愿大王听之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Now，thetimehascome，IwanttomarchsouthtothecountryofChu，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Idonotapproveofyoudoingthis，NowtherearethreedifficultiesinattackingtheStateofChu，first，Thetimingisnotideal，second，TherearenocontradictionswithintheStateofChu，third，Wehavebeenthroughalotofwars，Thesoldiersweretiredandpeoplewereafraidofwar，Besides，theministersdonotapproveofyoustartingthiswar，Ihopeyouwilltaketheiradvice。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：刘兰讨蝗，经秋冬不能灭，寡人欲罪之，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，灾降自天，非人力所能除，此由大王之失政所致也，兰何罪乎？大王当修德改政，上慰天心，下顺民意，差可解过。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：LiuLanhasbeenfightinglocustplaguesfortwoquarters，Butnoresultshavebeenachieved，Iwanttopunishhim，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Itisanaturaldisaster，Humanpowerislimited，Becauseyournationalpolicyisunreasonable，Heavenwarnsyouthroughtheplagueoflocusts，Ihopeyoucorrectyourmistakesintermsofpolicy，Andyouhavetobestrictwithyourself，YoushouldobeythewillofthepeopleandGod，Onlythencanyousaveyourmistakes，OnlyinthiswaycanyoubeforgivenbyGodandthepeople。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：寡人欲伐楚久矣，然大臣皆不欲也，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，天地之生万物，圣王之治天下，皆因其自然而顺之，故功无不成。是以黄帝服牛乘马，因其性也；禹浚九川，障九泽，因其势也；后稷播殖百谷，因其时也；汤、武帅天下而攻桀、纣，因其心也。皆有因则成，无因则败。今朝野之人皆言楚不可伐，大王独决意行之，臣不知大王何所因也。《书》曰，天聪明自我民聪明。天犹因民，而况人乎！知足不辱，知止不殆。自古穷兵极武，未有不亡者也，愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：IhavewantedtoattacktheStateofChuforalongtime，Buttheministersadvisedmenottodoso，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Allthingsarebornbetweenheavenandearth，TheHolyKingrulestheworld，Theirsuccessisduetofollowingnaturaltrends，Accordingtothecharacteristicsoftheanimals，theYellowEmperorchoseoxenandhorsesasmounts，KingYudredgedriversaccordingtotheterrain，HouJichoosedcropstocultivateaccordingtotheseason，TangWuledthearmytoattacktheJieZhou，obeyingthewishesofthepeople，Theyallfollowthenaturaltrend，Today，theministersareopposedtoyourattackontheStateofChu，Onlyyouyourselfinsistondoingthis，Itisnotcleartomewhatyourbasisis？Heavenwillfollownaturaltrends，Nottomentionpeople，Youshouldknowhowtobecontent，notgreedy，Inthepast，mostofthedemiseofnationswasduetoexcessivewagingofwar，Ihopeyoulearnfromit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。

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