第三十八章

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陈牧：人臣之对帝王，多承意顺旨，甘言取容，今，寡人欲闻己过，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，大王每与公卿论事，及有上书者，以其不称旨，或面加诘难，无不惭退，恐非诱进直言之道，愿大王常抑之。萧凡：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Ministersoftenobeyedthewilloftheking，Andtheyonlysaynicethings，Now，Iwanttounderstandmymistakes，Sirtaughtmewhattodo？xiaofan：Ithink，Whenyoudiscussgovernmentaffairswithministers，Iftheproposaltheymakeisnotwhatyouwant，Thenyouwillblamethem，Thatmadethemsoashamedthattheydidnotdaretotellthetruth，Ihopeyoucanrestrainyouremotions，Onlythenwillyouunderstandyourmistakes。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲将同卿南游吴、越，泛长江，临沧海，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，大王应天御世，居中土而制四维，自足比隆尧、舜，何必栉风沐雨，经略遐方乎！且东南卑湿，沴气易构，虞舜游而不归，大禹往而不复，秦始皇死于沙丘。何足以上劳大驾也！陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：IwanttotraveltoNanyuewithyou，WetourtheYangtzeRiverandtheseatogether，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Youshouldgovernthewholecountryinthecapital，ThisisinaccordancewiththewillofGod，Indoingso，youcanbecomparedtoYaoShun，Therefore，thereisnoneedforyoutobravethestormanddangertoconquertheworldyourself，Besides，theclimateinthesoutheastishotandhumid，Itispronetoplague，YuShunandQinShiHuangbothdiedinthesoutheastregion，Thereisnoneedtorisk。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人忆往昔，欲知前西凉何以亡也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，以吾观之，所谓君不君，臣不臣者也。人主自臧，则众谋不进。事是而臧之，犹却众谋，况和非以长恶乎！夫不察事之是非，而悦人赞己，闇莫甚焉；不度理之所在，而阿谀求容，谄莫甚焉。君闇臣谄，以居百姓之上，民不与也。若此不已，国无类矣！愿大王鉴之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Ihaverecalledthingsfromthepast，IwanttoknowthereasonforthedemiseofWesternLiang，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Itskingandministerswereincompetentandunqualified，KingLiangoftenmadehisowndecisionsratherthanconsultinghisministers，Thismeansthatherefusestobesuggested，Therefore，theministersnolongergavehimadvice，Thiscreatesaviciouscircle，KingLiangdidnotseekthetruthofthematter，butwantedotherstopraisehim，Heisindeedmediocreandstupid，Therefore，theministersdonotcareaboutthetruthofthematter，TheyconstantlyflatteredKingLiang，Thereweresuchkingandministers，Thepeoplewillnotsupportthem，ItisacertainWesternLiangtowardsextinction，Ihopeyoulearnfromit。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人观历代家国，多者八百余年，少者才二三十年而已，吾甚惑焉，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，国祚长久者，皆为积德累业，恩结于人心。运少者，盖由创业之君不务广恩化，当时仅能自守，后无遗德可思。故传嗣之主政教少衰，一夫大呼而天下土崩矣。今大王虽以大功定天下，而积德日浅，固当崇禹、汤、文、武之道，广施德化，使恩有余地，为子孙立万代之基。岂欲但令政教无失，以持当年而已耶？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：WhenIreadhistory，Ifoundthatsomecountrieshavehundredsofyearsoflife，Othercountriesonlyhaveafewdecadesoflifespan，Iamverypuzzledbythis，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Somecountriesdohavelonglifespans，Becausethekingsofthenationaccumulatebenevolenceandrighteousnessandgivefavorstothepeople，Somecountrieshaveashortlifespan，Becausetheirkingdidtheopposite，Atthesametime，theyhavenolegacyofgoodpolicies，Asaresult，thesecountriesquicklydeclined，Thenationalrootsaresoshallowthattheyarereplaced，Althoughyousettledtheworld，Itdoesnotlastlongforyoutoaccumulatebenevolence，YoushouldlearnfromtheHolyKing，Youshouldpromotebenevolenceandgivefavortothepeople，Atthesametime，youneedtoperpetuatethispolicyforfuturegenerations，Onlyinthiswaywillthecountryhavealonglife。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，近来为政得失，请先生直言。萧凡：臣以为，今百姓承丧乱之后，比于唐时才十分之三，而供官徭役，道路相继，兄去弟还，首尾不绝。远者往来五六千里，春秋冬夏，略无休时。大王虽每有恩诏，令其减省，而有司作既不废，自然须人，徒行文书，役之如故。臣每访问，四五年来，百姓颇有怨嗟之言，以大王不存养之。陈牧：非先生之言，寡人不知也，此乃吾之过也。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatproblemsexistintermsofgoverningthecountry？Sir，Pleasetellmethetruth。xiaofan：Ithink，Thepeoplehavejustemergedfromastateofwar，Thepopulationisonlythree-tenthsoftheTangDynasty，Ourconscriptionandtaxesareheavy，Peopleareburdenedandsuffering，Theyhardlyhavetimetorest，Although，youhavegoodpolicies，Andyouasklocalofficialstoreduceconscription，Buttheydidn'tenforceyourpolicy，Itisthesameasbefore，Inrecentyears，Ihaveconductedfieldtrips，Peoplehavestartedcomplainingaboutyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。陈牧：每观前代之成败，寡人甚为嗟叹，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，凡修政教，当修之于可修之时，若事变一起，而后悔之，则无益也。故人主每见前代之亡，则知其政教之所由丧，而皆不知其身之有失。是以殷纣笑夏桀之亡，而优、厉亦笑殷纣之灭。隋帝大业之初，又笑周、齐之失国，唐太宗君临天下，视炀帝亦犹，炀帝之视周、齐也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Ihavelearnedaboutthereasonswhymanycountriesriseandfall，Iamveryimpressedbythis，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Ifyouwanttoimprovethepolicy，Youhavetodoitaslongastheconditionsallow，Once，thereisanemergency，Itistoolateforyoutoregretit，Therefore，contemporarykingsusuallyknowthereasonsforthedemiseofancientstates，However，theydonotseethattheyhavemadethesamemistake，Therefore，KingShangjokesatKingXia，KingZhoujokesaboutKingShang，EmperorTaizongofTangjokedaboutEmperorSui，Nowpeoplelaughattheancients，Peopleinthefuturewilllaughatus，Eventskeeprepeatingthemselves。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：近来百姓皆有怨言，寡人甚惑之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，大王君临之初，率土霜俭，一匹绢才得粟一斗，而天下帖然。百姓知大王甚忧怜之，故人人自安，曾无谤。近年来，频岁丰稔，一匹绢得十余石粟，是而，百姓皆以大王不忧怜之，咸有怨言。又今所营为者，颇多不急之务故也。自古以来，国之兴亡不由蓄积多少，惟在百姓苦乐，愿大王废不急宽百姓。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Recently,thepeoplebegantocomplainaboutthestate，Iamverypuzzledbythis，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Whenyouwerejustinpower，Peoplearefrugal，Moreover,ahorseofclothisequivalenttoabucketofrice，Societywasstableandharmonious，Thepeopleknowthatyouarebenevolentandrighteous，So,theyshowunderstandingratherthancomplaints，Inrecentyears,grainharvestshavebeenbumper，However,thepriceofgoodshasrisentenfold，Thepeoplefeelthatyouarenolongerbenevolent，So，Theybegantocomplainaboutthestate，Duringthistime,youhaveimplementedsomeprojectsthatarenotinahurry，Sinceancienttimes，Theriseandfallofacountryisnothowmuchthetreasuryhassaved，Thekeytoitiswhetherthepeoplearehappyornot，Ihopeyouwillbeabletosuspendunnecessaryprojectstoappeasethepeople。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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